Green House Gases matters! Warning on Global Warming!

              India ranks 3rd in the greenhouse gas emission. During this 21st century because of increased industrialization, urbanization and transportation we are experiencing increased emission of greenhouse gases. We are also expanding our renewable sources especially solar. And also India has pledged to reduce its emission intensity up to 35% based on Paris Agreement. Come let’s see the list of greenhouse gases, its harmful effects to the environment and ways to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. 

Green House Gases:

• Water vapour
• CO2
• Methane
• Nitrous Oxide
• Fluorinated Gases
• Black Carbon
• Brown Carbon
Brown Carbon:

         More recently, “brown carbon” (light-absorbing organic carbon) has attracted interest as a possible explanation for global climate change. This class of organic carbon, known for its light brownish colour, absorbs strongly within the ultraviolet wavelengths and fewer significantly going into the visible. Tar materials from smouldering fires or coal combustion, breakdown products from biomass burning, a mixture of organic compounds emitted from soil, and volatile organic compounds given off by vegetation are some of the types of brown carbon materials. 

               The evidence for the existence of light-absorbing organic carbon are provided by laboratory and field experiments. In global climate models, organic particulates are still considered scattering aerosols, reflecting sunlight only. 

Black Carbon:

             Black carbon is that the sooty black material emitted from gas and diesel engines, coal-fired power plants, and other sources. It comprises an enormous portion of particulate or PM, which is an air pollutant. Black carbon could also be a worldwide environmental problem that has negative implications for both human health and our climate. 

              Inhalation of black carbon is said to health problems including respiratory and disorder, cancer, and even birth defects. Black carbon also contributes to Global climate change causing changes in patterns of rain and clouds.

                Increasing deposit of the black carbon on the artic covers the snow and ice, decreasing the Earth’s ability to reflect the warming rays of the sun, while absorbing heat and hastening melt.

Almost 4 million deaths a year are caused by the use of indoor cook stoves worldwide, according to the earth Health Organization. Some of the sources of black carbon are burning wood, dung or coal in cook stoves emits etc. 

Fluorinated Gases:

There are three main kinds of F-gases:

• Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

• Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

• sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). 

Main uses of F-gases:

F-gases are utilized in sort of ways: 

• Stationary refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump (RAC) equipment are variety of the foremost important sources of F-gas emissions.

• Some stationary fire protection systems and portable fire extinguishers currently use HFCs.

• Mobile air conditioning in cars and light-weight vans currently uses HFCs. Other air-conditioned and refrigerated transport likewise uses F-gases.

• Solvents containing F-gases are used to clean components, eg within the electronics and aerospace industries.

• F-gases have many specialist uses like within the assembly of magnesium, differing kinds of froth and high voltage switchgear. 

                These gases are emitted from a selection of economic processes. F-gases are used as substitutes for stratospheric ozone-depleting substances (e.g., chlorofluorocarbons, hydro chlorofluorocarbons, and halons). These gases are typically emitted in smaller quantities, but because they're potent greenhouse gases, they're sometimes mentioned as High heating Potential gases ("High GWP gases"). 

Nitrous Oxide:

                Like other greenhouse gases, nitrous oxide absorbs radiation and traps heat within the atmosphere, where it can live for a mean of 114 years. Nitrous oxide is 300 times stronger than CO2, and it also depletes the ozonosphere. Since it also features a shorter lifetime, reducing it could have a faster, significant impact on heating.

                But the foremost important source of nitrous oxide is agriculture, particularly fertilized soil and animal waste, which makes it harder to rein in. Agriculture isn't the sole culprit, though. nitrous oxide is additionally emitted when fuels are burned, though what proportion depends on what kind of fuel, and which combustion technology is used . It's also generated as a by-product of the assembly of chemicals like nitric acid (used for fertilizer) or adipic acid (used to make nylon and other synthetic products). The treatment of domestic wastewater can also generate nitrous oxide. 

Methane:

                The main component of gas, methane is released from landfills, gas and petroleum industries, and agriculture (especially from the digestive systems of grazing animals). A molecule of methane doesn't stay within the atmosphere as long as a molecule of carbon dioxide—about 12 years—but it is a minimum of 84 times stronger over 20 years . Methane accounts for about 16% of all greenhouse gas emissions. 

            However, methane that's released into the atmosphere before it's burned is harmful to the environment. Because it's able to trap heat within the atmosphere, methane contributes to global climate change. Lifespan of methane is short when compared to those of other greenhouse gases; it's more efficient at trapping heat than are those other gases. Methane from waste water treatment plants or dairies are often captured and used as a fuel to reduce the number of methane entering the atmosphere also as reduce dependency on fossil fuels. 

Water Vapour:
                Water vapour is one of the Earth’s most abundant greenhouse gas, researchers have estimated more precisely than ever the heat-trapping effect of water within the air, validating the role of the gas as a critical component of worldwide global climate change.

                The addition of water vapour to the atmosphere, for the foremost part, cannot be directly attributed to human generated activities. Increased water vapour content within the atmosphere is mentioned as a feedback process. Warmer air is during a position to hold more moisture. because the climate warms, air temperatures rise, more evaporation from water sources and land occurs, thus increasing the atmospheric moisture content. 

                Increasing water vapour leads to hotter temperatures, which makes more water vapour to be absorbed into the air. Warming and water absorption increase during a spiralling cycle. Water vapour feedback increases the warming effect of other greenhouse gases, such the warming caused by increased CO2 allows more water vapour to enter the atmosphere. 

Carbon Dioxide:

                CO2 is that the first greenhouse gas, responsible for about three-quarters of emissions. It can linger within the atmosphere for thousands of years. CO2 emissions mainly come from burning organic materials: coal, oil, gas, wood, and solid waste. It's significant that such tons CO2 stays within the atmosphere because CO2 is that the foremost vital gas for controlling Earth’s temperature. 

                CO2 absorb an honest range of energy—including infrared energy (heat) emitted by the Earth—and then re-emit it. The re-directed energy travels out in all directions, but some returns to Earth, where it heats the surface. If there are no greenhouse gasses, then Earth would be a frozen -18 degrees Celsius (0 degrees Fahrenheit). With the emission of more greenhouse gases, Earth would be like Venus, where the greenhouse atmosphere keeps temperatures around 400 degrees Celsius (750 Fahrenheit).

                Rising CO2 concentrations are already causing the world to heat up. At the same time that greenhouse gases are increasing, average global temperatures have risen 0.8 degrees Celsius (1.4 degrees Fahrenheit) since 1880. Plants ashore have haunted approximately 25% of the CO2 that humans have put into the atmosphere. About 30% of the CO2 that people have put into the atmosphere has diffused into the ocean through the direct chemical exchange. Dissolving CO2 within the ocean creates acid, which increases the acidity of the water. Or rather, a rather alkaline ocean becomes slightly less alkaline. Since 1750, the pH of the ocean’s surface has dropped by 0.1, a 30% change in acidity. 

                Ocean acidification affects marine organisms in two ways. First, acid reacts with carbonate ions within the water to form bicarbonate. However, those self-same carbonate ions are what shell-building animals like coral need to create carbonate shells. With less carbonate available, the animals need to expend more energy to make their shells then the shells end up being thinner and more fragile. Second, the more acidic water is, the upper it dissolves carbonate. Within the top of the day, this reaction will allow the ocean to require in excess CO2 because more acidic water will dissolve more rock, release more carbonate ions, and increase the ocean’s capacity to take in CO2. Within the meantime, though, more acidic water will dissolve the carbonate shells of marine organisms, making them pitted and weak. 

How to reduce greenhouse gas emissions:

          Virtually every sector of the worldwide economy, from manufacturing to agriculture to transportation to power production, contributes greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, so all of them must evolve faraway from fossil fuels if we are to avoid the worst effects of global climate change. Countries round the world acknowledged this reality with the Paris Climate Agreement of 2015. The changes are going to be most vital among the most important emitters: Twenty countries are liable for a minimum of three-quarters of the world's greenhouse emission emissions, with India, the US, and China leading the way.

          The technologies for ramping down greenhouse emission emissions exist already, for the foremost part which includes swapping fossil fuels for renewable sources, boosting energy efficiency, and discouraging carbon emissions by putting a price on them. 

               The world technically has only one-fifth of its "carbon budget"—the total is 2.8 trillion metric tons—remaining so as to avoid warming the world quite 1.5 degrees Celsius. Halting the trends in motion would require quite just phasing out fossil fuels. In fact, the paths to halting global temperature increases of 1.5 or 2 degrees C, the 2 goals outlined by the IPCC, rely in how on adopting methods of sucking CO2 from the sky some of them include planting trees, conserving existing forests and grasslands, and capturing CO2 from power plants and factories. 

               With concern to protect the world from climatic change and global warming as individuals we can increase the green cover in our surrounding area by planting trees and maintaining it and also we can start using bicycles to go to nearby areas, schools, colleges, to work. 

🌏Earth is big and precious gift for us💓! Let's take care of it! 

If you have other innovative ideas share it with us in the comment section!