INDIA CHINA RELATIONSHIP - HISTORY

                As an Indian Citizen it is our duty and it is really imporatant to know the History of our country. We have already seen about the India China Border Dispute dispute in India-China-Border-History  Reading this will help you to understand more and better about the border dispute between India and China. Let us start!

           The relationship between India and China started after the independence of India and the formation of Chinese Communist Party formed on the revolution in China in 1949, soon the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was formed. The new PRC followed Leninist-Stalinist form of government. China immediately announced the forceful annexation of Tibet to China which acted as the barrier between the relationship of India and China.

             India followed NAM ideology i.e. developing states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. This ideology was initiated by Indian Prime Minister Nehru in which nearly 120 countries joined which gave rise to the third party in the era of bipolarity.

            Nehru’s thought process was based on containment and cooperation whereas Vallabhai Patel followed a cautious approach in the relationship of China. Patel wanted to create roads and also wanted to improve the infrastructure in the border area of China for this he was also ready to cooperate with US to balance China if needed. But after the death of Patel, there was no one to challenge Nehru in the relationship with China.
            At early stage, India advised China not to undertake aggressive occupation of Tibet and India followed diplomatic relations with Tibet. In 1954, India and China signed an agreement on Tibet, which stated that India would consider Tibet as the part of China and the agreement contained the famous Panchsheel.

                However, the effectiveness of Panchsheel started fading soon after arise of border dispute and relationship started to collapse subsequently by 1959. China thought that IND-US-USSR trio was working against them. Nehru supported Dalai Lama in the massive uprising in Tibet with sympathetic attitude. This convinced Mao the President of China that India was responsible for the uprising. In 1950, China and USSR signed an agreement which states the mutual support for each other but during 1959 uprising USSR declared neutrality. This made Mao think that the trio axis was working against China.

            During 1957, China started building roads in Aksai Chin which was vital for moving logistics supports to Tibet. This made a chaos in the Indo-China relationship. China despite showing initial willingness to the McMahon line based boundary between India and China later refused to accept it. Zhou and Nehru made a talk on 1960 which went in vain during the talk China said it will give up its claim on Arunachal Pradesh only If India gives up its claim on western sector. Nehru rejected the proposal and sent the troops to higher altitude regions to assert the claims in 1961. Due to lack of high altitude training and movements of logistics Indian troops could not withstand the situation in the higher altitude regions. In 1962, China moved inside India aggressively in the eastern region up to Brahmaputra plain. After a month China announced ceasefire and maintained status quo. The ambassador level relationship with China was broken which was revoked on 1976.

             After the war of 1962, there was lot of changes that took place in Indian politics and opinion of public was changed and India started to build its military in a fast phase. India and USSR came close to work together towards development on the other hand the proximity between China and Pakistan. In 1971 India and USSR signed an treaty. The US joined China and wanted to punish India for forming alliance with USSR. In the same year Indo-Pak war broke out which made a major shift. India and USSR relationship strengthened and so the China and Pakistan and both came closer to keep eye on India.

            As said earlier on 1976 the ambassador level relationship with China was restarted and Chinese Minister Huang Hua visited India and agreed to start the talks again. In 1986-1987, Rajiv Gandhi dropped the precondition that the border issue was a pre requisite for the talks. During 1988, he went to China and formed the Joint Working Group on the border issue. During 1089, USSR began to disintegrate from China, and there were protests against the CCP rule. Tiananmen Square massacre was during this period. The CCP, survival was uncertain and due to this China initiated a good neighbourhood policy. The cold war ended with the Russian Federation succeeded the USSR this created a financial crisis in India as it choked its remittances from the region.

            These incidents after the cold war made both India and China to join hands and work towards the development. By then China became the manufacturing hub of the world. Last year the bilateral trade between each country i.e India’s Exports was nearly 16.23 Billion and Imports was nearly 68 Billion with trade deficit of 51.68 Billion. This shows us how much India is dependent on the Chinese goods and services.

           India’s future lies in attaining self-sufficiency in all the sectors. Effective utilization of the resources is a key factor in achieving self-sufficiency.

           Even Though China and India constantly involved in the peace talks regarding the border dispute, India should not believe in the Chinese government and should start focusing more on building infrastructure and Army deployment across Indo-China borders to safeguard our Territory. Do you agree with my point of view? Do leave your comments in the comment section!